Sunday, 25 February 2018

Super Global variable in PHP

Some pre-defined variables in php are known as superglobals variable.
Superglobals variable are always accessible and it can access from any function, class or file.
List of superglobals variables are given below;
·         $GLOBALS
·         $_SERVER
·         $_REQUEST
·         $_POST
·         $_GET
·         $_FILES
·         $_ENV
·         $_COOKIE
·         $_SESSION

$GLOBALS variable

$GLOBALS is a PHP super global variable which is used to access global variables from anywhere in the PHP script (also from within functions or methods).

Example

<?php

$x =100;

$y =50;

function addition() {

  $GLOBALS['z'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y'];

}

 addition();

echo "sum is:". $z;

?>

Output:

sum is:150

$_SERVER Variable

$_SERVER is a super global variable which holds information about headers, paths, and script locations.

Example

<?php

 echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];

echo "<br>";

echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];

echo "<br>";

echo $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];

echo "<br>";

echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];

echo "<br>";

echo $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];

 ?>

$_REQUEST Variable

 $_REQUEST is used to collect data after submitting an HTML form.

Example

html>

<body>

<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">

  Name: <input type="text" name="fname">

<input type="submit">

</form>

<?php

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {

    $name = $_REQUEST['fname'];

    if (empty($name)) {

        echo "Name is empty";

    } else {

        echo $name;

    }

}

?>

</body>

</html>

 $_POST Variable
$_POST is widely used to collect form data after submitting an HTML form with method="post". $_POST is also widely used to pass variables.
Post request is widely used to submit form that have large amount of data such as file upload, image upload, login form, registration form etc.

Example

<html>

<body>

<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">

  Name: <input type="text" name="fname">

 <input type="submit">

</form>

<?php

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")

{

    // collect value of input field

    $name = $_POST['fname'];

    if (empty($name))

        {

        echo "Name is empty";

    } else {

        echo $name;

    }

}

?>

</body>

</html>

$_GET Variable


$_GET can also be used to collect form data after submitting an HTML form with method="get".

Example
demo.html
<html>
<body>
<form method="get" action="add.php">
Enter First Number:
<input type="number" name="num1" /><br>
Enter Second Number:
<input type="number" name="num2" /><br>
<input  type="submit" name="submit" value="Add">
</form>
</body>
</html>

add.php

<?php
    if(isset($_GET['submit']))
    {
        $number1 = $_GET['num1'];
        $number2 = $_GET['num2'];
        $sum =  $number1+$number2;    
  echo "The sum of $number1 and $number2 is: ".$sum;  
}
?>

  $_FILES Variable

$_FILES contains all the information of file. Using  $_FILES global, we can get file name, file type, file size, temp file name and errors associated with file.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<form action="indexDemo.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    Select File: 

    <input type="file" name="fileToUpload"/>

    <input type="submit" value="Upload Image" name="submit"/>

</form>

 

<?php

$target_path = "D: /"; 

$target_path = $target_path.basename( $_FILES['fileToUpload']['name']);  

 

if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['fileToUpload']['tmp_name'], $target_path))

{ 

    echo "File uploaded successfully!"; 

}

else

{

  echo "Sorry, file not uploaded, please try again!"; 

} 

?>

<body>

<html>

$_ENV Variable

$_ENV global variable in php is a predefined reserved variable that contains an array of information related to the environment in which php script is running.

Example

<?php

echo 'My username is ' .$_ENV["UserName"] ;

?>


$_COOKIE Variable:
$_COOKIE is used to create cookie.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<?php
$cookie_name = "admin";
$cookie_value = "dipak";
setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 30), "/");
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) {
     echo "Cookie named '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set";
}
else {
     echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set<br>";
     echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];
}
?>
<p >Note: Please reload the page to see the new value of the cookie. </p>
</body>
</html>

$_SESSION Variable
$_SESSION Variable is used to create session

 Example

demo.php
<?php  
session_start();  
?>  
<html>  
<body>  
<?php  
$_SESSION["admin"] = "dipak";  
echo "Session information is set<br/>";  
?>  
<a href="result.php">Click to get session value</a>  
</body>  
</html>  
result.php
<?php  
session_start();  
?>  
<html>  
<body>  
<?php  
echo "Admin is: ".$_SESSION["admin"];  
?>  
</body>  
</html>  


1 comment:

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