Components of Android Or Android Core Building Blocks

The fundamental components of android are activities, views, intents, services, content providers, fragments and AndroidManifest.xml.

An android component is simply a piece of code that has a well defined life cycle e.g. Activity, Receiver, Service etc.

Activity

Activity processes have application components the user is interacting with. Its represents the presentation layer of an Android application. An activity is a class that represents a single screen. It is like a Frame in AWT.

View

A view is the UI element such as button, label, text field etc. Anything that you see is a view.

Intent

Intent is used to invoke components. It is mainly used to:

• Start the service
• Launch an activity
• Display a web page
• Display a list of contacts
• Broadcast a message
• Dial a phone call etc.

     Example:

   Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);  

   intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.gmail.com"));  

    startActivity(intent);  

Service

Service is a background process that can run for a long time.

There are two types of services local and remote. Local service is accessed from within the application whereas remote service is accessed remotely from other applications running on the same device.

Content Provider

Content Providers are used to share data between the applications.

Fragment

Fragments are like parts of activity. An activity can display one or more fragments on the screen at the same time.

AndroidManifest.xml

It contains informations about activities, content providers, permissions etc. It is like the web.xml file in Java EE.

Android Virtual Device (AVD)

It is used to test the android application without the need for mobile or tablet etc. It can be created in different configurations to emulate different types of real devices