Friday, 18 January 2019

Data Processing By a Computer


Data processing is the transformation of raw data into meaningful output. Data can be done manually using a pen and paper, mechanically using simple devices e.g. typewriter or electronically using modern data processing tool set computers. It follows some step that are

1)Data collection

It involves getting the data/facts needed for processing from the point of its origin to the computer. Data collection is the first step in data processing. Data is pulled from available sources, including data lakes and data warehouses. 

2)Data Preparation
Once the data is collected, it then enters the data preparation stage. Data preparation, often referred to as “preprocessing” is the stage at which raw data is cleaned up and organized for the following stage of data processing. During preparation, raw data is diligently checked for any errors. The purpose of this step is to eliminate bad data ( redundant , incomplete, or incorrect data) and begin to create high-quality data for the best  business intelligence.
3)Data Input
The collected data is converted into machine-readable form by an input device, and send into the machine.
4)Processing
It is the transformation of the input data to a more meaningful form (information) in the CPU.During this stage Processing is done using machine learning  algorithms, though the process itself may vary slightly depending on the source of data being processed (data lakes, social networks, connected devices etc.) .
5)Data Output/Interpretation
Output is the result of the required information, which may be input in future it is translated, readable, and often in the form of graphs, videos, images, plain text, etc.).

6)Data Storage
The final stage of data processing is storage . After all of the data is processed, it is then stored for future use. While some information may be put to use immediately, much of it will serve a purpose later on.

What is ISRS (information storage and retrieval system)?
An information storage and retrieval system (ISRS) is a network with a built-in user interface that facilitates the creation, searching, and modification of stored data. An ISRS is typically a peer-to-peer (P2P) network operated and maintained by private individuals or independent organizations, but accessible to the general public. Some, but not all, ISRSs can be accessed from the Internet. (The largest ISRS in the world is the Internet itself.)
Characteristics of an ISRS include lack of centralization, graceful degradation. The lack of centralization helps to ensure that catastrophic data loss does not occur because of hardware or program failure, or because of the activities of malicious hackers. Graceful degradation is provided by redundancy of data and programming among multiple computers. The physical and electronic diversity of an ISRS, along with the existence of multiple operating platforms, enhances robustness, flexibility, and adaptability.
A significant difference between an ISRS and a database management system (DBMS) is the fact that an ISRS is intended for general public use, while a DBMS is likely to be proprietary, with access privileges restricted to authorized entities. In addition, an ISRS, having no centralized management, is less well-organized than a DBMS

1 comment:

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